Umsiedlungen als Maßnahme der Hochwasserprävention in Deutschland. Limitierende Einflussfaktoren und Anforderungen an die Umsetzung
Kox, T. – 2016
In times of severe floods support is often provided by authorities and private organisations. However, such aid often contributes to future flood related problems as pre-disaster situations are recreated. Relocation is seen as one measure to break the so called disaster-damage-repair-disaster cycle (Tobin & Montz 1997) as it reduces the communities’ exposure to flood risks by relocating houses to non-flood prone sites. Although relocation of settlements is well known in Germany (e. g. open-pit mining) it is not widely used as a flood mitigation measure. The study focused on two major relocations in Germany, the town Röderau-Süd situated on the Elbe, and the village Moos situated on the Danube. Relocations are seen as case-by-case decisions. But the acceptance of the measure by the affected population, a window of opportunity in the aftermath of an extreme event, and the cost-efficiency of the relocation compared to other mitigation measures are of great importance for the implementation and the success of a relocation effort. This is particularly true for small relocation areas, where a resettlement can be more cost-efficient than other flood protection measures. As the development of larger settlements are not meant to be restricted, a general shift from the still existing predominance of structural flood protection measures is not seen yet.